00. Mastering Masonry Design: Essential Resources, Codes, Tools
- What Non-Engineers need to know about Structural Masonry
- Introduction to Structural Masonry Design
- Structural Concrete Masonry Design
- Structural Clay Masonry Design
- Software Review for Structural Masonry
- Masonry Analysis and Design with Finite Element Software
- Masonry Notes, Details, and Prototypes
- Movement Joints, Structural Edition
- Masonry Shear Wall Design
- Lintels for Masonry Walls
- Connection to Masonry walls
- Storm Shelter Design with Masonry
- Masonry Case Studies
- System Selection: Masonry Works with All Structural Systems
- Hybrid Masonry with PT Concrete
- Masonry Checklist: Reviewing Structural Drawings
- Masonry Prefabrication – Panel Solutions
- Current Single Wythe Structural Masonry Solutions
- Masonry & Embodied Carbon SE 2050
- Innovative Structural Masonry Solutions
1. WHAT NON-ENGINEERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT STRUCTURAL MASONRY
Audience: Architects, Engineers, Contractors, Owners
Learning Objectives:
- Review basic structural properties of masonry
- Explore masonry misconceptions and myths
- Discover updated design criteria and methods for masonry and realistic height limitations
- Learn how properly designed masonry can be more economical than other systems
Presentation Description: This presentation discusses structural masonry attributes and how engineers typically approach loadbearing masonry design. Topics include: current structural masonry design methods, load bearing wall case studies, interior partitions, shear walls, foundation walls, stair towers, fire walls and hybrid structures. Keys for providing economical and sustainable projects by utilizing masonry that is not over-designed, or under-utilized, will also be discussed.
2. INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL MASONRY DESIGN
Audience: Students
Learning Objectives:
- Acquire insights about the basic components of masonry & how to specify masonry correctly
- Build knowledge on structural engineering software available for masonry design
- Understand how the local strength of masonry affects many different areas of masonry design
- Discover how to effectively design connections to masonry and masonry shear walls
- Discuss best practices and how to efficiently design structural masonry
Presentation Description: In this session, we will touch on several areas of best practices for structural masonry design, including the “how” and “why” specific to each element of structural masonry (spec for block strength, mortar type, etc). We will explore masonry strength considerations, movement joints, and constructibility considerations for practical masonry detailing and specification. Topics include:
- Block, block strength, and types of blocks
- Definition of mortar and types of mortar
- Definition of masonry grout
- Reinforcement in masonry
- Designing construction-friendly masonry
- Brief discussion of software
- New topics in structural masonry
3. STRUCTURAL CONCRETE MASONRY DESIGN
Audience: Intended for Engineers, but others may choose this topic
Learning Objectives:
- Acquire insights regarding the basics of a structural masonry wall
- Build knowledge about strength design and allowable stress design practices
- Discuss best practices and how software can be used to efficiently design structural masonry
Presentation Description: The presentation will cover concrete masonry strength considerations, movement joints, and constructibility considerations for practical masonry detailing and specification. Topics include:
- Masonry assembly: CMU, Mortar, Grout, and Reinforcement
- Discussion of different masonry elements
- Review software available for masonry
- New topics in structural concrete masonry
4. STRUCTURAL CLAY MASONRY DESIGN
Audience: Engineers
Learning Objectives:
- Acquire insights about the history and basics components of a structural clay masonry wall
- Build knowledge about materials that make up a clay masonry system from a structural engineer’s perspective
- Discover how the local strength of clay and concrete masonry affects the many different areas of masonry design
- Comprehend best practices and software programs can be used to design structural masonry efficiently
Presentation Description: The presentation will cover clay masonry strength considerations, movement joints, and constructibility considerations for practical masonry detailing and specification. Topics include:
- Masonry assembly: Clay units, Mortar, Grout, and Reinforcement
- Discussion of different masonry elements
- Review software available for clay masonry
- New topics in structural clay masonry
5. SOFTWARE REVIEW FOR STRUCTURAL MASONRY DESIGN
Audience: Engineers only
Learning Objectives:
- Evaluate a variety of masonry design software
- Highlight key criteria and software defaults
- Review software examples and how to use them
Presentation Description: We will review all the major commercial design programs that support masonry analysis and design, for both component design and finite element analysis and design. Session handout includes software comparison chart.
6. MASONRY ANALYSIS & DESIGN WITH FEA SOFTWARE
Audience: Engineers only
Learning Objectives:
- Evaluate a variety of masonry design software
- Highlight key criteria and software defaults
- Discuss key design assumptions made within FEA and how it affects masonry
- Outline how to model masonry elements utilizing FEA methods
- List design codes supported for loading and analysis, and analysis procedures
- Relate masonry elements designed using FEA to the integrity of design results
Presentation Description: To solve complex designs effectively and efficiently, more and more structural designers are turning to Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Software companies responded by developing FEA programs that support masonry materials. We will review all major commercial design programs that support masonry analysis & design, for both component design and finite element analysis and design. This presentation is an overview of FEA masonry assumptions, modeling masonry elements, supported loading and design codes, and the integrity of results when designing masonry components with FEA.
7. MASONRY NOTES, DETAILS, & PROTOTYPES
Audience: Architects, Engineers
Learning Objectives:
- Learn the specifics of structural masonry elements, discuss general notes and common errors
- Gain an understanding of partition wall design, common masonry walls and flexible masonry corridor walls
- Acquire knowledge of how and when to use masonry details, their limitations and “typical” masonry errors
Presentation Description: Masonry Notes for Structural Drawings will discuss the “how” and “why” specific to each element of structural masonry (spec for block strength, mortar type and grout strength). Masonry Prototypes will explore different types of wall design and flexible masonry corridor walls. The Masonry Detail series will highlight typical 2D and 3D structural masonry details including practical usage, limitations and common errors.
8. MOVEMENT JOINTS: STRUCTURAL EDITION
Audience: Architects, Engineers
Learning Objectives:
- Learn masonry movement joint definitions
- Discover movement characteristics of masonry materials and systems
- Understand movement joint purpose and location
- Acquire knowledge to design and detail movement joints
Presentation Description: This presentation addresses the movement characteristics of vertical masonry wall systems, and compares the differences between architectural veneer and structural reinforced masonry. Focus is on best practice for design and construction of expansion and control joints to accommodate and/or restrict masonry material movement.
9. MASONRY SHEAR WALL DESIGN
Audience: Engineers only
Learning Objectives:
- Identify types of walls
- Learn how to make shear walls more effective
- Review software examples
- Gain an understanding of RAM Elements and RISA 3D software
Presentation Description: This session will cover perforated shear walls; and how to use both RAM Elements and RISA 3D software programs for design.
10. LINTELS FOR MASONRY WALLS
Audience: Engineers only
Learning Objectives:
- Build knowledge on fundamental features of lintels for masonry walls
- Acquire insights on the behavior and load distribution of lintels and masonry walls with openings
- Discover the advantages of modeling masonry walls with finite element software
- Comprehend practical design tips to achieve high performance masonry lintels
Presentation Description: Masonry lintel design is a critical part of an efficient structural masonry solution. The design of masonry lintels can add significant capacity to the structural design and add robustness to the wall that contractors and owners will welcome for crack prevention. In many cases in the past, we have made assumptions to simplify the analysis of masonry lintels that has been a detriment to the architectural and engineering design. Today we have software tools to analyze complex integrated masonry lintels, and therefore engineers should be utilizing those tools for masonry wall and lintel design. We will be demonstrating the construction of several different types of masonry lintels. Engineers, architects, and contractors can see firsthand how different design problems are being solved with masonry lintels.
11. CONNECTIONS TO MASONRY WALLS
Audience: Engineers only
Learning Objectives:
- Review dowels and laps in masonry walls
- Discuss bearing plates
- Review tension and shear connections to walls
Presentation Description: A short introduction to connections to masonry including:
- Connections for hybrid masonry design
- Connections to the face of masonry walls
- Bearing plate design
- Embed plate design
12. STORM SHELTER DESIGN WITH MASONRY
Audience: Architects, Engineers
Learning Objectives:
- Briefly review key aspects of effective and efficient structural masonry design
- Evaluate when and where we need to design a storm shelter
- Gain an understanding of what is essential in storm shelter design per current code provisions, and what changes need to be made from a typical masonry design
- Explore concept shelter designs and their structural system options
- Highlight how software can help us design shelters more effectively and efficiently
Presentation Description: In this presentation, designers will learn about updated storm shelter provisions per IBC 2015 and ICC 500, including examples of storm shelter concept designs. Focus is on best practice for the design of masonry structures to accommodate high wind loading and storm shelter provisions of the code.
13. Masonry Case Studies
Audience: Engineers and Architects
Learning Objectives:
- Review Similarities in Masonry Design Approaches
- Review Steel vs. Masonry: Schedule considerations, Steel Stud vs. Masonry Backup Walls
- Discuss Concrete vs. Masonry: Foundation Walls
- Explore Hybrid Structures: Hybrid Concrete / Masonry Sample
- Consider Innovative Approaches to Common Design Challenges with Prefabricated Masonry
Presentation Description: In this session we review how masonry was designed effectively and efficiently in a variety of designs.
14. System Selection: Masonry Works with All Structural Systems
Audience: Engineers and Architects
Learning Objectives:
- Review Pros and Cons of different structural materials
- In-depth review of masonry options and benefits
- Discuss how masonry fits with each structural material
Presentation Description: In this session, we will discuss the different factors for selecting materials, explore all material options, review masonry material options in depth, and discuss combining masonry with other materials. At the end of the session there is a system selection example reviewing cost of different options.
15. Hybrid Masonry with PT Concrete
Audience: Engineers
Learning Objectives:
- Discuss issues related to over-restrained PT slabs when concrete walls are used
- Review current solutions
- Discuss how masonry – concrete hybrid design works
- Discuss how this wall solution resolves the issue with PT slabs and walls
- Review examples of a PT slab with a hybrid concrete frames and masonry infill
Presentation Description: In this session, we discuss the benefits of using masonry walls together with post- tensioned (PT) concrete slabs and concrete columns to form a hybrid frame for lateral resistance.
16. Masonry Checklist: Reviewing Structural Drawings
Audience: Engineers
Learning Objectives:
- Develop Checklist of important items for masonry design and construction
- Review important aspect of masonry design criteria
- Discuss best practices for element design
- Consider the impact of efficient and effective designs in case studies
Presentation Description: In this session, we develop a checklist for masonry design. The important part of the checklist is that the designs be: optimal and efficient, safe and reliable, and constructible. Each item from the checklist will be supported by current industry standards.
Presentation Link: Masonry Checklist
Additional Session – STRUCTURAL MASONRY DESIGN DESIGN TIPS & COST STUDIES FOR STUDENTS
Audience: Students
Learning Objectives:
- Acquire insights about the basic components of a structural masonry wall
- Build knowledge about materials that make up a masonry system from a structural engineer’s perspective
- Discover how the local strength of masonry affects the many different areas of masonry design
- Comprehend the construction cost effects of design choices and how to detail structural masonry efficiency.
Presentation Description: In this session, we will touch on several areas of best practices for structural masonry design, including the “how” and “why” specific to each element of structural masonry (spec for block strength, mortar type, etc). We will explore how to specify structural masonry, different types of masonry walls, and concrete vs. masonry structures.